19 min readAn IEC (Importer Exporter Code) is a 10-digit number from DGFT that you need before you export, unless you fall in an exempt category such as goods for personal use. Apply online at dgft.gov.in. The government fee is Rs 500, the code is permanent, and a modification costs Rs 200. Every holder must also update the details online at least once a year, in the April to June window, at no fee. Next come the APEDA RCMC for scheduled agri products (Rs 5,900 for 5 years), a GST LUT every financial year, and a bank AD code registered on ICEGATE.
What is an IEC code, and why does every agri exporter need one?
The Importer Exporter Code, or IEC, is a 10-digit registration number issued by the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT). The APEDA Agri Export Manual calls it mandatory for exports and imports, and DGFT Handbook para 2.07 says the same in one line: IEC is compulsory for import and/or export, except for a short list of exempt categories.
Think of it as the export-side identity of your business. Customs, the bank that receives your dollars, the export promotion council and DGFT all ask for it. Without it you cannot file a shipping bill, and you cannot get an APEDA RCMC.
There is no return to file and no renewal fee. The Handbook (para 2.10) says the IEC has permanent validity unless suspended or cancelled, and one IEC covers every branch, division, unit and factory of the same applicant. The catch is the yearly update, covered below.
If you export agrochemicals or biopesticides, our step guide on how to export agrochemicals from India shows where the IEC sits in the full licence and document chain. This guide goes deeper on the IEC itself and on the registrations that follow it.
Who needs an IEC, and who is exempt?
Anyone who exports or imports goods needs an IEC unless exempted. Para 2.07 of the DGFT Handbook of Procedures exempts central and state government departments, persons exporting or importing goods for personal use not connected with trade, manufacture or agriculture, and certain small border consignments. SCOMET items are an exception to the exemptions, so they always need an IEC (except government ministries).
| Exempt category (Handbook para 2.07) | Detail |
|---|---|
| Government | Ministries and departments of central or state government |
| Personal use | Goods imported or exported for personal use not connected with trade, manufacture or agriculture |
| Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar (Indo-Myanmar border areas) | Single consignment CIF value not above Rs 25,000 |
| China via Gunji and Namgaya Shipkila | Single consignment CIF value not above Rs 1,00,000 |
| China via Nathula | Single consignment CIF value not above Rs 2,00,000 |
| Other categories under the Foreign Trade (Exemption from application of Rules in certain cases) Order, 1993 | As listed in clause 3(1) and 3(2) of that Order, with some sub-clauses excluded; read the Handbook for the exact clauses |
| SCOMET items | Exemption does not apply, except for government ministries and departments |
Read the personal-use line carefully. It says personal use not connected with trade, manufacture or agriculture. A person who ships a parcel of produce for sale is doing agriculture-linked trade, so the exemption is not for them.
Services are different. The DGFT IEC page says services exports generally do not need an IEC, except when the service provider claims benefits under the Foreign Trade Policy. This post is about goods exports.
Does a farmer need an IEC to sell produce abroad?
A farmer or group that wants to put its own name on the shipping bill and receive the foreign payment directly needs an IEC.
Can a farmer, trader or company apply? Which entity should hold the IEC?
The DGFT portal accepts proprietorship, partnership, LLP, limited company, trust, HUF and society as applicant types. The IEC is tied to the PAN of the entity, and only one IEC can be issued against one PAN. So the entity you pick decides whose name appears on every export document.
| If you are | Usually apply as | Keep in mind |
|---|---|---|
| Individual farmer exporting your own produce | Proprietorship (your PAN) | Bank account must be in the name of the IEC holder |
| Trader buying from mandis and shipping abroad | Proprietorship, partnership, LLP or company | You will be a merchant exporter for APEDA. RCMC needs only the IEC copy |
| Producer, packer or processor exporting your own goods | Company, LLP, partnership or proprietorship | You will be a manufacturer exporter for APEDA and need manufacturing proof |
| Agri-input or agrochemical company | Company or LLP | Product-specific approvals are separate; see the agrochemical export guide |
Pick the entity before you pay. Changing the PAN on a numeric (older) IEC later needs the Regional Authority and transfer of liabilities (para 2.14), and a PAN-based IEC for a new entity needs a fresh IEC. It is easier to apply for the right entity on day one.
What do you need ready before you open the DGFT portal?
Keep a PAN, a digital signature token or Aadhaar e-sign, a working mobile number and email, a bank account in the name of the IEC holder, and a valid address with proof. DGFT may also physically verify the firm address after the IEC is issued, so the address should be real and reachable.
| Technical requirement (DGFT FAQ) | Why it matters |
|---|---|
| Valid PAN of the entity | The IEC is issued against the PAN; one PAN, one IEC |
| Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) token, or Aadhaar e-sign for some actions | Needed to sign and submit; linking an old IEC needs a DSC |
| Valid mobile number and email ID | OTPs go to both; an OTP expires in 15 minutes |
| Branch office address details | Entered in the application; DGFT may verify the address |
| Bank account in the name of the IEC holder | Validated through PFMS; a name mismatch needs a supporting document |
| Aadhaar matching the PAN details | Used for identity checks for the applicant |
What documents are required for an IEC?
The Handbook (para 2.08) asks for a cancelled cheque bearing the entity's pre-printed name or a bank certificate, and an address proof of the entity. The DGFT FAQ adds proof of establishment for partnerships, societies, trusts and HUFs. Uploads are PDF only, maximum 5 MB each.
| Document | What DGFT accepts | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Proof of firm's bank account | Cancelled cheque with pre-printed entity name, or a bank certificate in the prescribed format | Handbook 2.08(c); DGFT FAQ Q12 |
| Proof of address | Sale deed, rent agreement, lease deed, electricity bill, landline bill, postpaid mobile bill, MoU or partnership deed. For proprietorship only: Aadhaar, passport or voter ID | DGFT FAQ Q12 |
| If address proof is not in the firm's name | A no-objection certificate from the premises owner, combined with the address proof as one PDF | DGFT FAQ Q12 |
| Proof of establishment | For partnership, registered society, trust, HUF and others | DGFT FAQ Q12 |
Two small things trip people up. First, the bank account name must match the firm name exactly; the FAQ says to remove extra white spaces and, if the names still do not match, upload a supporting document. Second, a scan that is unreadable or larger than 5 MB will stall the application.
How do you apply for an IEC online on the DGFT portal, step by step?
Register on dgft.gov.in as an Importer/Exporter, open the dashboard, choose Apply for IEC, fill the entity, address, bank, director or partner details, upload documents, pay the fee through Bharatkosh and sign with DSC. The IEC is generated after submission and you can print it from Manage IEC.
- Go to dgft.gov.in. Click Login, then Register, then choose Register as Importer/Exporter. Enter the basic details and the OTPs sent to your mobile and email.
- Log in with your email as the username and the temporary password sent to you, and change the password. Only one IEC can be applied for or linked to a login, as the FAQ notes.
- Open My Dashboard, then Importer Exporter Code (IEC), then Apply for IEC. If you already hold an old IEC, use Link your profile to IEC instead.
- Enter the entity details, PAN, address, branch details, and director, partner or trustee details. For companies the director details are fetched from MCA using the CIN.
- Enter the bank account details. The name on the account should match the firm.
- Upload the documents in PDF form (maximum 5 MB each).
- Pay the application fee on the Bharatkosh page by net banking, debit card, credit card or UPI.
- Sign with your DSC and submit. You get an acknowledgement with a file number, and you can track status under Track Status.
- After issue, print the IEC from Services, IEC, Manage IEC, Print IEC. You can also verify any IEC from Services, View IEC Related Details.
Do not worry if your bank details are not validated on the first day. The DGFT FAQ says bank details are validated through PFMS and the result comes the next day. The IEC is issued immediately, with a risk flag in the system that is removed once the validation succeeds. If validation fails, the Regional Authority checks the document you uploaded.
What is the IEC fee, how long does it take, and how long is it valid?
The DGFT fee scale (Appendix 2K) lists Rs 500 for an IEC application. A modification costs Rs 200 and the annual April to June update is Nil. The FAQ says a new IEC is issued immediately after submission, and the Handbook says it has permanent validity unless suspended or cancelled.
| Item | Official position | Source |
|---|---|---|
| New IEC application fee | Rs 500 | Appendix 2K |
| Modification of IEC | Rs 200 | DGFT ANF-2A form; Appendix 2K lists Rs 200 for amendments |
| Annual updation, April to June | Nil | Appendix 2K, item 6(A) |
| Payment mode | Online through Bharatkosh: net banking, debit card, credit card, UPI | DGFT FAQ Q13 |
| Time to issue | Immediate after successful submission | DGFT FAQ Q10 |
| Reflection on ICEGATE | Real time once issued | DGFT FAQ Q11 |
| Validity | Permanent unless suspended or cancelled; covers all branches | Handbook 2.10 |
| Surrender | Online; allowed only when all authorisations and obligations are closed | Handbook 2.13 |
The Rs 500 is the government fee only; consultants charge separately.
How do you modify IEC details, and when must you do it?
Log in, go to Services, Manage IEC, enter your IEC number and validate with the DSC, then click Modify IEC. Any change in constitution of the firm, address, bank details or other primary details must be updated online within 30 days of the change (Handbook para 2.14). The fee is Rs 200.
| What changed | What to do | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Address, bank account, directors or partners, email, mobile | Use Manage IEC and Modify IEC. A modified IEC reflects in other DGFT applications after about 12 hours | DGFT FAQ |
| Constitution of the firm | Update online within 30 days | Handbook 2.14(b) |
| PAN in an older numeric IEC | Apply for modification; the Regional Authority approves, and liabilities of the old entity must be transferred | Handbook 2.14(c) and (d); FAQ Q18 |
| Merger, acquisition, liquidation, inheritance or business transfer with a new PAN | Take an IEC against the new PAN within 30 days; the old IEC can be operationally linked | Handbook 2.14(e) |
| Foreign branch you cannot add | Not required in the profile; remove it to proceed with modification | DGFT FAQ Q19 |
| You no longer want the IEC | Surrender online, once all authorisations and obligations are closed | Handbook 2.13 |
The DGFT page for IEC Profile Management describes the modification as auto-approved. In practice, change your bank account on the IEC first, then on ICEGATE, so the details match when a shipping bill is filed.
What is the annual IEC update in April to June, and what happens if you miss it?
Every IEC holder must update or confirm the IEC details online between April and June each year, The fee scale (Appendix 2K) shows Nil for it. Under Handbook para 2.10 an IEC can be deactivated, so do not let the update lapse.
The Handbook (para 2.15) says the profile must be updated whenever a change occurs, and in any case at least once a year. Do it early in the window, not on the day of a shipping bill.
- Log in to dgft.gov.in with the credentials linked to your IEC.
- Go to Services, Manage IEC (or click Update/Modify IEC), and validate with your DSC.
- Check every field: address, bank account, branches, directors or partners, mobile and email.
- If something has changed, correct it. Then submit.
- Keep the acknowledgement, and check that the IEC status shows active.
What comes after the IEC? APEDA RCMC for agri exporters
For APEDA scheduled products, apply for the Registration-cum-Membership Certificate (RCMC) through the e-RCMC link on the DGFT portal after you hold the IEC. APEDA's circular lists a fee of Rs 5,900 (Rs 5,000 plus 18 percent GST) and a validity of 5 years. Amendments to the RCMC after issue carry no fee.
APEDA started issuing RCMC through the DGFT portal from 17 July 2023, in line with DGFT Trade Notice 35/2021-22. The APEDA Agri Export Manual explains why: to claim authorisations or benefits under the Foreign Trade Policy, exporters need an RCMC from the relevant Export Promotion Council, FIEO, commodity board or authority.
| Type of exporter | Documents for APEDA e-RCMC | Fee and validity |
|---|---|---|
| Merchant exporter (you buy and export) | Signed and sealed copy of the IEC issued by DGFT | Rs 5,900 (Rs 5,000 plus GST at 18 percent) for 5 years |
| Manufacturer or manufacturer-cum-merchant exporter | IEC copy plus signed and sealed manufacturing proof (see below) | Same |
| Renewal | Online | Rs 5,900 |
| Amendment or modification after issue | Online | No fee |
| Product group (APEDA circular) | Manufacturing proof from |
|---|---|
| Floriculture and seeds | Department of Horticulture |
| Fresh fruits and vegetables | FSSAI or Udyam registration, Department of Horticulture, or certificate from Ministry of MSME |
| Groundnut, pulses, guar gum | FSSAI or Udyam registration certificate |
| Processed fruits and vegetables, processed foods, meat products, cereal preparations, miscellaneous preparations | FSSAI or Udyam registration certificate |
| Meat, dairy, poultry, honey | FSSAI or Udyam registration certificate |
| Cereals and cereal products | FSSAI or Udyam registration certificate |
| Alcoholic beverages | Excise Commissioner |
Not every agri product is under APEDA. Some products fall under other export promotion councils or commodity boards, which issue their own RCMC. Check the right body for your product before you pay APEDA. The fees and proofs above are from APEDA's circular of 21 July 2023.
Organic exporters have one more layer. Buyers abroad ask for NPOP or equivalent certification, which is separate from the IEC and the RCMC. Our guide on NPOP organic certification vs PGS explains it. Pesticide and biopesticide exporters should read the biopesticide registration requirements for the EU, US and Africa before they promise a buyer a date.
GST and LUT: how do you export without paying IGST?
To export goods without paying IGST, a registered person furnishes a Letter of Undertaking (LUT) in Form GST RFD-11 on the GST portal, before the export. The LUT is for a financial year and shows as Expired at the end of that year, so you file a fresh one each year, ideally before the first shipment of the year.
The GST portal user guide gives the filing steps. File the LUT before the first invoice of the financial year, so every shipment in that year is covered.
- Log in to the GST portal as a registered taxpayer.
- Go to Services, User Services, Furnish Letter of Undertaking (LUT).
- Select the financial year. GSTIN and legal name are prefilled.
- Enter the names, addresses and occupations of two independent and reliable witnesses, and tick the declarations.
- Preview, then sign with DSC or EVC by the primary or another authorised signatory, and submit.
- Note the ARN. The status goes through Submitted, Pending for Clarification, Pending for Order, Approved, Rejected or Deemed Approved.
| Point | What the GST portal guide says |
|---|---|
| Who can file | A registered person making zero-rated supplies (exports) without paying IGST |
| When | Before the supply is made; for each financial year |
| Not eligible if | Prosecuted for tax evasion involving Rs 2.5 crore or more under the CGST Act, IGST Act or existing law |
| Draft | Can be saved for 15 days under My Saved Applications |
| Deemed approval | If the tax official takes no action within 3 working days (FAQ 12) |
| Expiry | Status changes to Expired at the end of the financial year |
| If an old manual LUT exists | One previous LUT can be uploaded per application, up to 2 MB, to get online approval |
The other route is to pay IGST on the export and claim a refund. The LUT keeps working capital free. Our agrochemical export guide also has a short note on the LUT for chemical exporters.
What is a bank AD code, and how do you register it on ICEGATE?
The AD (Authorised Dealer) code identifies the bank branch that handles your foreign exchange. Exporters add it, along with the bank account, on ICEGATE under Bank Account, Foreign Remittance Account (Authorized Dealer Code). You upload a bank authorisation letter and a cancelled cheque, verify with an OTP, and customs sets the status to Accepted.
- Log in to ICEGATE. Your IEC must already be linked, which happens in real time once DGFT issues it.
- Open Bank Account, then choose Foreign Remittance Account (Authorized Dealer Code).
- Click Add New Bank Account.
- Select the bank name and branch from the drop-down, enter the bank account number, and select the customs location and document type.
- Upload the proof document and click Verify. The system fills the IRN number.
- Click Submit, verify with OTP sent to your registered mobile or email, and submit again.
- The system shows Bank Account added successfully. The account shows a Status at Customs; only accounts with Accepted status can be modified later.
| Document (ICEGATE manual, Circular 25/2023) | What it must show |
|---|---|
| Bank authorisation letter | Exporter name and address; IEC number; PAN linked to the IEC; bank account number and account name; bank confirmation that the PAN on the account matches the PAN on the IEC; bank AD code or IFSC; name, address, contact and official email of the bank branch |
| Cancelled cheque | For the same account (or the latest bank statement endorsed by the bank) |
ICEGATE has a second account type, the Refund/Incentive Account, which uses the IFSC code and is used for export incentives such as drawback. It is a separate registration from the AD code. The ICEGATE bank account manual shows both.
In what order should an agri exporter complete these registrations?
Set up the entity and PAN, open a current account with a bank authorised for foreign exchange, apply for the IEC, then the RCMC, then the GST LUT, and then register the AD code on ICEGATE. Do all of this before the first shipping bill. The APEDA Agri Export Manual lists the same start: organisation, bank account, PAN, IEC, RCMC.
| Step | What | Where | Government fee |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Entity and PAN | Your chosen structure; Income Tax | As per entity registration |
| 2 | Current account with a bank authorised for foreign exchange | Your bank | Bank charges apply |
| 3 | IEC | dgft.gov.in | Rs 500 |
| 4 | RCMC (APEDA scheduled products or other board) | e-RCMC link on the DGFT portal | Rs 5,900 for APEDA, 5 years |
| 5 | GST registration and LUT | GST portal | No fee listed |
| 6 | AD code and incentive account | ICEGATE, with your bank's letter | No fee listed |
| 7 | Product approvals, packing, phyto and shipping documents | As your product needs | Depends on product |
The two government fees you pay up front, IEC (Rs 500) and APEDA RCMC (Rs 5,900), come to Rs 6,400. That excludes the digital signature token, any consultant, and bank charges. For what comes after step 6 (HS codes, packing, phytosanitary certificate, shipping bill), see the Indian agrochemical exporters guide and the agrochemical export steps. For the demand side, the top fertiliser importing countries shows who buys.
What are the most common IEC mistakes that delay agri exports?
| Mistake | Why it hurts | What to do instead |
|---|---|---|
| Applying with a bank account name that does not match the firm | The DGFT FAQ says a name mismatch blocks the flow; PFMS validation can fail | Match the name exactly, remove extra spaces, upload the supporting document |
| Using an old address or leaving the bank account unchanged after a move | Changes must be updated within 30 days; DGFT can verify the address | Modify the IEC, then update ICEGATE |
| Missing the yearly update | The Handbook allows an IEC to be deactivated | Update online every year in the April to June window |
| Assuming APEDA covers every agri product | Some products have their own export promotion council or commodity board | Check the right body for your product |
| Starting a shipment before the LUT is filed | The LUT must be filed before the supply is made | File the new LUT for the financial year before the first invoice |
| Registering an AD code for the wrong bank or branch | The authorisation letter must match the account and the IEC PAN | Get the bank's letter with the IEC and PAN details; register before the first shipping bill |
| Applying under the wrong entity | PAN change later needs the Regional Authority; one PAN, one IEC | Choose the entity before you pay |
| Paying a consultant for a different 'validity' or 'renewal' | Handbook says the IEC is permanent; the yearly step is a free update | Do the update yourself on dgft.gov.in |
| Sharing DSC or login with a broker without a record | The login is linked to the DSC holder | Keep control of the DSC and the primary-user login |
How do you download, verify or surrender your IEC?
To print your IEC, log in, go to Services, IEC, Manage IEC, verify your details and click Print IEC. To check any IEC (a buyer's or a supplier's), use Services, View IEC Related Details on dgft.gov.in, which needs the IEC number and the first three characters of the firm name. To surrender an IEC, apply online once all obligations are closed.
Your IEC also appears in the customs system. The DGFT FAQ says a new IEC reflects on ICEGATE in real time. If your shipping agent says the IEC is not showing, check your IEC status on DGFT first, then the ICEGATE profile.
Conclusion
Getting an IEC is the easy part: a PAN, a bank proof, an address proof, a signature, a Rs 500 fee and an hour on the DGFT portal. The work that decides whether your first container moves is what follows: an APEDA or board RCMC, a GST LUT filed before the first invoice, an AD code registered on ICEGATE, and a profile update every year. Do them in that order and keep every acknowledgement.
Questions Farmers Ask
What is an IEC code and who needs it?
What documents are required for an IEC code?
What is the fee for an IEC code?
How long does it take to get an IEC code?
Is an IEC code valid for life?
How do I modify my IEC code?
Do I need an IEC code for APEDA registration?
What is the April to June IEC update?
How do I print or check an IEC code?
What is an LUT and when must I file it?
What is a bank AD code and why is it needed?
Can a farmer get an IEC code?
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