Cotton

Seed treatments can help protect seedlings from diseases like Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium, Fusarium, and Thielavioposis ...

Cotton seedlings emerging from untreated seeds show damping-off, stem rot at ground level, and poor stand establishment ...

Leaves are shiny with honeydew or darkened by sooty mould growing on the honeydew. Crumpling and downward curling obser...

Cotton jassids are most likely found on the underside of leaves. In high infestation levels, there is a reduction in pla...

Leaf distortion: Thrips can cause leaves to become deformed, tattered, or crinkled. They can also cause leaves to curl u...

Germinating seedling shows black lesions on hypocotyls, girdling of stem and death of seedlings. Affected basal stem be...

Early symptoms include deep downward cupping of the youngest leaves accompanied by swelling and darkening of leaf veins....

Small, brown flecks develop with a reddish border, expanding to circular spots With ashy-grey centre. This tissue becom...

Small, round, white or light brown spots with a purplish-brown border appear on the cotyledons and lower leaves. Rounded...

Feeding by Jassids often leads to yellowing (chlorosis) of the leaves, starting from the tips and edges. Over time, this...

Sucking nutrients: Aphids feed on the phloem sap of cotton plants, which robs the plant of energy it needs for growth an...

Leaf Damage: Thrips are small, slender insects that feed by puncturing plant cells and sucking out their contents. In co...

The lower leaves or older leaves show yellowing, typically starting from the edges and spreading inward. When you cut th...

The most distinctive symptom of an infestation by the cotton stem weevil is the knot-like swelling of the stem just abov...

Small, water-soaked lesions appear on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves. The lesions are angular in shape due t...

Young larvae feed in groups on young leaves, scraping the surface and leaving small holes. Mature larvae feed on the who...

Holes and rotting: Circular holes in bolls and squares, and rotting inside the bolls Shedding: Shedding of damaged squar...

growth of roots, shoots, and flower production Number of sympodia per plant, plant height

Leaf margins notched Wilting of plants in patches Plants come easily when pulled Roots eaten away by grubs

Appears as grey to tan spots or lesions on leaflets, stems, flowers, and pods, with dark margins and often with tiny bla...

Red stained lint and rotting bolls Inner boll wall with warty growth or water soaked spots Young bolls abort and turn ...

Appearance of chlorotic spots on the leaves and upward curling of leaves. Leaves become reddish, brittle. Premature le...

Drying and drooping of terminal shoots during pre-flowering stage Shedding of squares and young bolls Flaring up of br...

Small, water-soaked lesions appear on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves. The lesions are angular in shape due t...

growth of roots, shoots, and flower production Number of sympodia per plant, plant height Plant growth regulators ( PGRs...

Leaves: Irregular holes, skeletonization, and wilting Flowers: Premature opening and no fruit Bolls: Circular holes, i...

Lesions: Lesions appear as light to dark brown, necrotic spots with concentric rings Leaf color: Infected leaves remain ...

Germinating seedling shows black lesions on hypocotyls, girdling of stem and death of seedlings. Affected basal stem be...

Stained lint: The bugs suck the juices from seeds, which stains the lint. Rotting bolls: The bugs introduce microorgani...

Rosetted flowers The holes of entry plugged by excreta of larvae which are feeding inside the seed kernels. They cut w...

Reddening or bronzing of foliage, maroon stems and petioles, drooping, interveinal chlorosis, leaf rolling, stunting, an...

The lower leaves or older leaves show yellowing, typically starting from the edges and spreading inward. When you cut th...

Brown pustules: Brown pustules with a purple halo appear on the lower surface of leaves. Other lesions: Other symptoms...

"Appearance of chlorotic spots on the leaves and upward curling of leaves. Leaves become reddish, brittle. Premature l...

Irregular to angular pale translucent lesions bound by veinlets and grey powdery growth appear on lower surface of leaf ...

Small, dark green, water soaked areas develop on lower surface of leaves, enlarge gradually and become angular when rest...

Red stained lint and rotting bolls Inner boll wall with warty growth or water soaked spots Young bolls abort and turn ...

Disease appears as small brown or black dots which later enlarge to cover the entire bolls. Infection spreads to inner ...

Leaves: Irregular holes, skeletonization, and wilting Flowers: Premature opening and no fruit Bolls: Circular holes, i...

Rosette flowers: Flower infestation can cause the formation of rosette flowers Bud shedding: Infested flower buds shed...

"Appearance of chlorotic spots on the leaves and upward curling of leaves. Leaves become reddish, brittle. Premature l...

The lower leaves or older leaves show yellowing, typically starting from the edges and spreading inward. When you cut th...

"Disease appears as small brown or black dots which later enlarge to cover the entire bolls. Infection spreads to inner...

It sucks the sap from developing seeds in open bolls and stains the lint black. Seeds discoloured and shrunken. Bionomic...